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Cause and effect in Advaita Vedanta
Cause () and effect () are an important topic in all schools of Vedanta.
==Creation of the world==
All schools of Vedanta subscribe to the theory of ''Satkāryavāda'',〔(Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ''Bhedābheda Vedānta'' )〕 which means that the effect is pre-existent in the cause. It is explained in a central passage at Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6.1.4-5, where the sage Aruni explains the workings of causality to his son, Śvetaketu, using the example of the relation of clay to a pot:
But there are two different views on the status of the "effect", that is, the world. Most schools of Vedanta,〔 as well as Samkhya,〔 support ''Parinamavada'', the idea that the world is a real transformation (''parinama'') of Brahman. According to Nicholson, "the ''Brahma Sutras'' also espouse the realist Parinamavada position, which appears to have been the view most common among early Vedantins". Adi Shankara and Advaita Vedanta adheres to the other view, ''Vivartavada'', which says that the effect, the world, is merely an unreal (''vivarta'') transformation of its cause, Brahman:
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